
Emperor Dezong Was Born
A reformer tested by rebellion and ruin
In the Tang dynasty heartland, Li Kuo was born -- the prince who would become Emperor Dezong and reign for twenty-six years, the third longest in Tang history. He began as a reformer, introducing new tax laws and attempting to crush powerful regional warlords. But his military campaigns backfired spectacularly, triggering rebellions that nearly toppled the dynasty. The chastened emperor spent his later years governing cautiously, having learned the hard way that ambition must be tempered by wisdom.

