Pope Martin I Tried
A pope dragged in chains before an emperor
In Constantinople, Pope Martin I stood trial before Byzantine authorities for his defiant opposition to the Monothelite heresy. Abducted from Rome in a dramatic act of imperial overreach, he was the last pope to be martyred. His conviction and eventual banishment to Crimea, where he died in poverty, underscored the brutal reality of church-state conflict in the early medieval world.