in History
A king weaponizes faith against an entire people
At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Visigothic King Egica leveled devastating accusations against the Jewish population of Hispania, charging them with conspiring with Muslim invaders. The council sentenced all Jews to slavery, a decree of breathtaking cruelty that reflected the deepening religious intolerance of the late Visigothic kingdom in the years before its fall.
A hundred thousand troops seize the east
With one hundred thousand soldiers spread across the vast plains and mountains of Manchuria, Russia completed its military occupation of the strategically vital Chinese territory. The invasion, launched in the chaos following the Boxer Rebellion, was a bold expansion of Russian imperial ambitions in East Asia that would lead directly to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05.
Apollo program: NASA launches the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft, atop the first Saturn V rocket, from Florida's Cape Kennedy.
The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program led by NASA, which landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969. Apollo was conceived during Project Mercury and executed after Project Gemini. It was conceived in 1960 as a three-person spacecraft during the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Apollo was later dedicated to President John F.